SELECT 
  a.modifier, 
  a.modifier_type, 
  a.variant_id 
FROM 
  cscart_product_option_variants a 
WHERE 
  1 
  AND a.variant_id IN (
    17172, 16463, 16657, 16617, 17157, 17175
  )

Query time 0.00069

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "4.21"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "a",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY"
      ],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "variant_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "3",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 6,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 6,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "index_condition": "(`cscartdb`.`a`.`variant_id` in (17172,16463,16657,16617,17157,17175))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "3.61",
        "eval_cost": "0.60",
        "prefix_cost": "4.21",
        "data_read_per_join": "288"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "variant_id",
        "modifier",
        "modifier_type"
      ]
    }
  }
}